27. Nepenthes mirabilis DRUCE - Phyllamphora mirabilis LOUR., Fl. coch., II, p. 606 (1790) ; Nepenthes phyllamphora WILLD., Sp. pl., IV, 2, p. 874 (1805) ; KORTH., Verh., p. 28, t. 4, ic. 71-75 & t. 15 (1839) ; Flora, VI, p. 578 (1848) ; BL., Mus., II, p. 7 (1852) ; TEYSM. & BINN., Cat. ined., p. 81 (1855) ; MIQ., Fl., I, 1, p. 1069 (1858) ; HOOK. F., Transact. Linn. Soc., XXII, p. 422 (1859) ; MIQ., Journ. Bot. Néerl., I, p. 277 (1861) ; TEYSM. & BINN, Cat., p. 99 (1866) ; LEMAIRE, Ill. Hort., XVI, misc., p. 44 (1869) ; MIQ., Ill., p. 6 (1870) ; HOOK. F. in D.C., Prodr., XVII, p. 97 (1873) ; SCHEFF., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit., I, p. 51 (1876) ; BECC., Mal., I, p. 213 (1878) ; Mal., III, p. 4, 8, 11 (1886) ; HOOK. F., Fl. Br. Ind., V, p 69 (1886) ; FORB. & HEMSL., Journ. Linn. Soc., XXVI, p. 358 (1891) ; WUNSCHM, in ENGL. & PRANTL, Nat. Pflanzenfam., III, 2. p. 260 (1891) ; BECK, Wien Ill. Gartenz., 1895, p 218 (1895) pro var.; MOTT., Dict, III, p. 451 (1896) ; BOERL., Handl, III, 1, p. 54 (1900) ; HEMSL., Bot. Mag., 1. 8067 (1906) ; MACF., in ENGL, Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 63 (1908) ; LEC., Not. Syst., I, p. 64 & 67 (1909) ; Fl. lnd.-Ch., V, p. 52 (1910) ; DUNN & TUTCHER, Kew Bull., add. ser., X, p. 219 (1912) ; MACF., Nov. Guin., VIII, 1, p. 340 (1911) ; Journ. As. Soc. Beng., LXXV, p 287 (1914) ; RIDL., Transact. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, bot., IX, p. 139 (1916) ; MACF., in BAIL., Cycl., IV, p. 2128, ic. 2463, 1 (1919) ; RIDL., Fl., III, p. 25 (1924) ; Kew Bull, 1926, p 78 (1926) ; MACF., Phil. Journ Sc., XXXIII, p. 135 (1927) ; non Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 2629 (1826), quae est N. khasiana Hook. F., nec REGEL, Gartenfl., 1881, p, 371, ic. 374 (1881), quae pro parte N. khasiana ; nec STAPF, Transact. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, bot., IV, p. 217 (1894), quae N. Burbidgeae ; N. macrostachya BL., Mus., II, p. 7 (1852) ; MIQ., Fl., I, 1, p. 1076 (1858) ; suppl., p. 151 (1860) ; Journ. Bot. Néerl., I, p. 277 (1861) ; Ill., p. 5 & 8, t. VI (1870) ; BECC., Mal., III, p. 4 & 11 (1886) ; BECK, Wien. Ill. Gartenz., 1895, p. 217 (1895) ; N. fimbriata BL., Mus., II, p. 7 (1852) ; MIQ., Fl., I, 1, p. 1072 (1858) ; HOOK. F, Transact., Linn. Soc., XXII, p. 422 (1859) ; MIQ., Journ. Bot. Néerl., I, p. 277 (1861) ; TEYSM. & BINN., Cat., p. 99 (1866) ; MIQ., Ill., p. 3 & 7, t. II (1870) ; N. Kennedyana F. MUELL., Fragm., V, XXXVII, p. 154 (1866) ; HOOK. F., in D.C., Prodr., XVII, p. 98 (1873) ; F. MUELL., Syst. cens., p. 23 (1882) ; MAST., Gard. Chron, 1882, 1, p. 257, ic. 36 (1882) ; BECC., Mal., III, p. 8 (1886) ; WUNSCHM., in ENGL. & PRANTL, Nat. Pflanzenfam., III, 2, p. 260 (1891) ; BECK, Wien. Ill. Gartenz., 1895, p. 218 (1895) pro var.; MOTT, Dict, III, p. 449 (1896) ; SCHUM. & LAUT., Nachtr., p. 271 (1905) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 66 (1908) ; in BAIL., Cycl., IV, p. 2128 (1919) ; WHITE, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., XXXIV, 1, p. 32 (1922) ; N. Kennedyi BENTH Fl. austr., VI, p. 40 (1873) ; F. MUELL., Descr. not. Pap. Pl., II, p. 20 (1876) ; SCHEFF., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buit., I, p. 180 (1876) ; BAIL., Syn. Queensl. Fl., p. 416 (1883) ; Queensl. Agr. Journ., I. p. 369, cum ic. (1897) ; III, p. 354 (1898) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1278, t. XLVI (1901) ; N. echinostoma HOOK. F., in D.C., Prodr., XVII, p. 95 (1873) ; BURB., Gard. Chron., 1882, 1, p. 56 (1882) ; BECC., Mal., III, p. 3 & 9, t. II (1886) ; BECK, Wien. Ill. Gartenz., 1895, p. 183 (1895) ; BOERL., Handl., III, 1, p. 54 (1900) ; BECC., For. Born., p. 543 (1902) ; HEMSL, Gard. Chron., 1905, 1, p. 242 (1905) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 70 (1908) ; MERR., Bibl. En. Born., p. 282 (1921) ; N. Bernaysii BAIL., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, V, p. 185 (1881), cit. BECC., Mal., III, p. 6 ; F. MUELL., Syst. cens., p. 140 (1882) ; BAIL., Syn. Queensl. Fl., p. 417 (1883) ; BECC., Mal., III, p. 1, 2, 6 (1886) ; BECK, Wien. Ill. Gartenz., 1895, p. 226 (1895) ; BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., I, p. 369, cum ic. (1897) ; III, p. 354 (1898) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1278. t. XLVII (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 65 (1908) ; N. O'Brieniana LINDEN & RODIGAS, Ill. Hort., XXXVII, p. 109 (1890) ; BECK, Wien. Ill. Gartenz., 1895, p. 224 (1895) ; MOTT., Dict., III, p. 450 (1896) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 85 (1908) ; ? N. Smilesii HEMSL., Kew Bull., 1895, p. 116 (1895) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 40 (1908) ; LEC., Not. syst., I, p. 61 (1909) ; Fl. lndo-Ch., V, p. 47 & 48 (1910) ; N. Jardinei BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., I, p, 230, cum ic. (1897) ; p. 369 (1897) ; III, p. 355 (1898) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1279, t. L (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 66 (1908) ; ? N. Rowanae BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., I, p. 231, cum ic. (1897) ; p. 369 (1897) ; III, p. 355 (1898) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1280, t. LI (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 69 (1908) ; in BAIL., Cycl., IV, p. 2128 (1919) ; N. albo-lineata BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., III, p. 355, cum ic. (1898) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 2179, t. XLVIII (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 63 (1908) ; N. Moorei BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., III, p. 355, cum ic. (1898) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1279, t. XLIX (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr, IV, 111, p. 65 (1908) ; WHITE, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl., XXXIV, 1, p. 32 (1922) ; N. Alicae BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., III, p. 356, cum ic. (1898), Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1280, t. LII (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 57 (1908) ; N. Cholmondeleyi BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., VII, p. 441, cum ic. (1900) ; Queensl. Fl., IV, p. 1281, t. LIII (1901) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 40 (1908) ; N. pascoensis BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., XVI, p, 190, t. II (1905) ; N. Armbrustae BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ., XVI, p. 191, t. III (1905) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 63 (1908) ; N. Garrawayae BAIL., Queensl. Agr. Journ. XVI, p. 191, t. IV (1905) ; MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p, 67 (1908) ; N. tubulosa MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 60 (1908) ; N. Beccariana MACF., in ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 67, ic. 17 (1908) ; N. mirabilis DRUCE, Rep. Exch. Cl. Br. Isl., 1916, p. 637 (VII 1917) ; MERR., Interpr., p. 242 (IX 1917) ; Bibl. En. Born., p. 283 (1921) ; Enum. Phil., p. 215 (1923).
Icones: RUMPH., Herb. Amb, V, t. LIX, f. 2 (1750) mediocris ; KORTH., Verh., t. 4, ic. 71-75, t. 15 (1839) optima, colorata ; MIQ., Ill., t. 2 & 6 (1870) optimae ; Gard. Chron., 1882, 1, p. 257 (1882) asc. inf.; BECC., Mal., III, t. II (1886) asc. 2 ; Queensl. Agr. Journ., I, t. juxta p. 230, 231 & 369 (1897) ascidia ; III, t. LVIII-LIX (1898) planta iuv. & asc ; VII, t. LIX (1900) fragmenta ; Queensl. Fl., IV, t. XLVI-L (1901) ascidia ; Queensl. Agr. Journ, XVI, t. II (photogr.), t. III-IV (1905) ascidia ; Bot. mag., t. 8067 (1906) optima, colorata ; ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, ic. 17 (1908) ascidia ; BAIL., Cycl., IV, ic. 2463, 1 (1919) bona, asc. 1.
Folia mediocria petiolata, lamina oblonga v. lanceolata, nervis longitudinalibus utrinque plerumque 4-5, vagina caulis 1/2 amplectente ; ascidia rosularum parva, parte inferiore anguste ovata, os versus cylindrica v. paulum angustata, alis 2 fimbriatis ; peristomio operculum versus acuto, applanato, 1-2 mm lato, costis 1/3-1/5 mm distantibus, dentibus fere 0 ; operculo suborbiculari v. subovato, facie inferiore plana ; ascidia inferiora ut superiora, raro forma ad ascidia rosularum accendentia ; ascidia superiora mediocria, tubulosa, parte inferiore plerumque leviter ventricosa, costis 2 prominentibus, raro alis 2 fimbriatis ; peristomio operculum versus acuto, applanato, 2-8 mm lato, costis 1/3-1/6 mm distantibus, dentibus fere 0 ; operculo ovato v. orbiculari-ovato, facie inferiore levi v. prope apicem appendice minima ; inflorescentia racemus longus pedicellis inferioribus 5-15 mm longis, omnibus 1-floris ; indumentum iuventute densum et tenue, tomentosum, subarachnoideum, albidum, e pilis stellatis intricatis compositum, denique parcum v. nullum.
Stems climbing, up to 7 1/2 m high, the part with adult leaves 5 to 10 mm thick, the internodes usually 2 to 10 cm long ; at the base of older plants sometimes rosettes. Leaves of the rosettes chartaceous, lanceolate, sessile, about 10 cm long, almost attenuate into a petiole, forming a short semiamplexicaul sheath, fimbriate-denticulate at the margin ; pennate nerves numerous, longitudinal ones usually 4 or 5 on each side, originating from the midrib near the base, running parallel in the outer 3/4 to 2/3 of the lamina ; tendril shorter than the leaf, curved downwards. Leaves of the climbing stems scattered, thin-chartaceous to thin-coriaceous, petiolate, oblong to lanceolate, about 20 to 40 cm long, 3 to 8 cm broad, acute or obtuse, abruptly or gradually attenuate into the petiole, the petiole usually about 2/3 of the lamina in length, narrowly winged, dilated at the base into a sheath non- or semi-amplexicaul, not or scarcely decurrent, the lamina entire or minutely fimbriate-denticulate at the margin ; pennate nerves numerous, running almost transversely towards the margin ; longitudinal nerves 4 to 8 on each side, originating from the basal part of the midrib, running parallel in the outer 4/5 of the lamina, often forming distinct rectangles with the pennate nerves ; tendrils slender, about as long as the whole leaf, the pitcher-bearing mostly with curl. Pitchers of the rosettes up to 5 cm high, narrowly and obliquely ovate in the lower half, cylindrical or somewhat narrowed towards the mouth, usually with 2 fimbriate wings ; mouth oblique, 1 to 1 1/2 cm wide, nearly round, acute towards the lid ; peristome flattened, 1 to 2 mm broad, the ribs 1/3 to 1/5 mm apart, the interior margin very shortly denticulate ; inner surface of the pitcher glandular with minute glands in the ventricose part ; lid orbicular or orbicular-ovate, with many round, rimmed glands on the lower surface, flat ; spur inserted close to the lid, 3 to 6 mm long, 2- or 3-fid or simple. Pitchers of the lower leaves usually like the upper ones, sometimes more like those of the rosettes, but always larger than these. Pitchers of the upper leaves gradually originating from the hanging end of the tendril, incurved with a 5 to 25 mm wide curve, infundibuliform at the base, the rest mostly tubulose, 12 to 16 cm high, slightly ventricose in the lower part, rarely narrowly ovate or wholly infundibuliform, in every case 2 to 3 cm wide at the mouth, with 2 prominent ribs or rarely with 2 fimbriate wings like the lower pitchers ; mouth slightly oblique, nearly round, acute towards the lid ; peristome flattened, 2 to 8 mm broad, the ribs about 1/3 to 1/5 mm apart, the interior margin almost entire ; inner surface of the pitcher shining and with minute overarched glands in the lower half, smooth and glandless in the upper part, 800 to 2500 glands on 1 cm2 ; lid orbicular-ovate to elliptic-ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 cm long, l l/2 to 2 cm broad, the lower surface mostly flat, rarely with a very short appendage near the apex, with round glands over the whole surface, which are larger towards the middle, smaller towards the margin ; spur inserted close to the lid, 4 to 6 mm long, flattened, 1/2 to l l/2 mm broad, with 2 or 3 branches or simple. Male inflorescence a raceme, the peduncle 10 to 15 cm long, the axis 15 to 30 cm long, cylindrical and 3 to 5 mm thick in the lower part, less thick and angular in the upper part ; pedicels mostly without bract, the lower ones 5 to 15 mm long, the upper ones little shorter, the raceme strikingly cylindrical. Tepals orbicular-elliptical, 5 to 7 mm long. Staminal column somewhat shorter than the perigone, the anthers in 1 whorl and an apical group. Female inflorescence in the main like the male one, shorter on the average, the tepals somewhat smaller and relatively narrower, 4 to 5 mm long. Ovary shortly pedicelled. Fruit 15 to 30 mm long, the valves narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 5 mm broad, shining, chestnut coloured, almost pedicelled at the base. Seeds filiform, about 12 mm long, the nucleus slightly wrinkled and slightly prickly. Indumentum in all young parts, the upper surface of the leaves excepted, a thin but dense tomentum composed of long intricated hairs later deciduous of at least sparse in most parts, only persistent in the top part of the axis, on the pedicels and the perigone, in the pitchers sometimes leaving a tomentose ribbon under the mouth. Colour in the living state: the leaves green, the pitchers green or light-green, spotted with red or not, rarely almost wholly red ; perigone violet-brown inside, brownish-green outside. Colour of herbarium specimens fallow-dun the underside of the leaves and the pitchers more reddish. (Description after specimens seen by the author.)
SOUTHERN CHINA. Kwantung, Macao (D.C., Prodr., XVII, p. 97), Szetsushan (Kew Bull., add. ser., X, p. 219), various localities (Journ. Linn. Soc., XXVI, p. 353).
FARTHER INDIA. Annam, Cambodia, Laos (LEC., Fl. Indo-Chin., V, p. 72) ; Cochinchina (LOUR., Fl. cochinch., p. 607) ; ad Thu duc, VI 1867, PIERRE, H. B. (0) ; in montibus Dinh, near Baria, III 1867, PIERRE, H. B. (0) ; Hainan (Bot. mag., t. 8067).
MALAY PENINSULA. Lower Siam: Bau Son, 22 V 1919, HANIFF & NUR 4236, H. S. (m, f) ; Bau cur to Bau Wa Put, 1906, DOWN, H. S. (0) ; Langkawi: IX 1900, HANIFF, H. S. (m) ; Kedah: Kulim, VI 1917, HANIFF 1269, H. S. (0) ; Penang: Mt. Elvira, IX 1894, CURTIS, H. S. (0) ; Waterfall, IX 1898 CURTIS, H. S. (m) ; Tulloh Bahang, IX 1887, CURTIS 1202 H. S. (f) ; Wellesley: Tasek Gelugor, IV 1902, CURTIS, H. S. (0), vern. name: priok krah ; Perak: Ulu Boobong, 180-210 m, VII 1886, KINGS coll., 10631, H. B. (0) ; Telok Bahang (Journ. As. Soc. Beng., LXXV, p. 288) ; Malacca: Mt. Ophir, 1050 m, V 1890, DERRY 645, H. S. (m) ; Singapore: (Transact. Linn. Soc., XXII, p. 422 ; ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 64).
SUMATRA. Gov. Eastcoast: Gallia, near Bangoen Poerba, Upper-Serdang, 150 m, 15 III 1925, LÖRZING 11443, H. B. (0) ; Asahan, Goeroeh Batoe, 30 m, 11 X 1924, YATES 1070, H. B. (f), H. U. C. (f) ; 21 VI 1925, YATES 1628, H. B. (f), H. U. C. (f) ; Tandjoeng Koebo, 15 m, IV 1927, BEUMÉE A 468 ; Res. Tapiannoeli: Penjaboengan (Fort Elout), 23-24 I 1856, TEYSMANN 528, H.B, (0), P. Nias (ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 67) ; Res. Westcoast: 1833, KORTHALS, H. L. B. 908,154-571 (0) ; between Airbangis and Airhadji, 27 X 1898, VAN ROMBURGH, H. B. (0). vern. name: tjaloeng beroe ; Doekoe, 1833, KORTHALS, H. L. B. 908,154-574 (0) & -575 (m), authentic specimens of N. macrostachya BLUME ; Bondjol, XI 1855, TEYSMANN 527, H. A. R. T. (0) ; Padang, Kajoetanam, 130 m, IX 1872, BECCARI, Piante Sumatrane 839, H. L. B. (0) ; P. Sibéroet, 10 IX 1924, KLOSS 12286, H. B. (0) ; idem, IBOET 55, H. B. (0) ; Res. Bengkoeloe: Bengkoeloe, 1 VI 1916, AJOEB (Exp. JACOBSON) 16, H. B. (f) ; Res. Bangka: Bangka, KOBUS, H.B, (f) ; MEETER 89, H. B. (f), vern. name: akar ketakong ; Pangkalpinang, Kp. Beroeas, 90 m, 28 XI 1917, BÜNNEMEIJER 2116, H. B. (m), also on alcohol, vern. name: ketakon.
BORNEO. British North Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu (ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 64) ; Labuan: LOBB, H. S. (0) ; Sarawak: native coll. 385, H. S. (m) ; 401, H. B. (m) ; Kuching, 1911, SAHIB, H. S. (m) ; 1903, RIDLEY 11668, H. S. (0) ; 1905, RIDLEY, H. S. (m) ; Prov. Hatang Lupar, near Marop (Becc., Mal., III, p. 4) ; Bau, 1903, RIDLEY 11672, H. S. (0) ; Res. Western Division: Northwestern Borneo, 1882, TEUSCHER, H. B. (f) ; Singkawang, TEYSMANN 7883, H. B. (m) ; Dawar, 27 X 1893, HALLIER B 769, H. B. (0) ; between Dawar & Sanggau, 20 X 1893, HALLIER B 482, H. B. (0) ; Sintang, TEYSMANN 10954, 10963, 10966, 10968, H. B. (0), vern. name: oentoejut ; Sintang, 1893, JAHERI, H. B. (0) ; foot of G. Kenepai, 24 XII 1893, HALLIER B 1320, H. B. (0) ; between G. Djemela & G. Kelam, 28 I 1894, HALLIER B 2234, H. B. (0) ; Sg. Semitau, 3-19 XII 1893, HALLIER B 1275, H. B. (0) ; Semitau, 3-19 XII 1893, HALLIER B 1394, H. B. (f) ; Res. Southern & Eastern Division: borders of the Doesoen River & vicinity of P. Lampai, in swamps (KORTH., Verh., p. 3 & 31) KORTHALS, H. L. B. 908,155-1120 (f) ; 1859-1860, DE VRIESE & TEYSMANN, H. L. B. 908,151-386 & -387 (f) ; between Boentok & Djihi, 21 VIII 1908, HUBERT WINKLER 3279, H. L. B. (0) ; between Soewaroeng & Tanah Grogot, 24 VII 1908, HUBERT WINKLER 3109, H. B. (0), H. L. B. (0) ; Bandjermasin (ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 64).
PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao, II 1907, CLEMENS, H. B. (f) ; Surigao (ENGL., Pflanzenr., IV, 111, p. 64).
JAVA. Res. Banten: I 1823, VAN HASSELT, H. L. B. (0), authentic specimen of N. phyllamphora var. platyphylla BL.; Res. Batavia: Bidara Tjina (N. T. N. I., XXXI, p. 324) ; Res. Priangan: Tjiamis, 350 m, BARENDS 25, H. B. (0), vern. name: pakoe sorok ; Rawah Lakbok, near Bantar Dawa, 40 m, XII 1910, HALKEMA, H. B. (0).
SELÉBÈS. Gov. Selébès & Dependencies: Kèndari (BECC., Mal., III, p. 4 & 12).
MOLUCCAS. Halmahéra (from this island cultivated in the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens: XV. D. 55) ; Tidore, REINWARDT (KORTH., Verh., p. 3 & 30) ; P. Taliaboe, Tandjoeng Leede, ATJEH (Exp. HULSTIJN) 64, H. B. (m) ; H. L. B. (m) ; Séran, near Loki (RUMPH., Herb. Amb., V, p. 123) ; Ambon, DE VRIESE, 1857-1861, H. L. B. 908,151-384 & -385 (f) ; 908,154-577 (0) ; TEYSMANN, H. B. (f) ; BOTTER, H. B. (m), vern. name: tampayang sètan ; 1900, BOERLAGE 687, H. B. (m, f) ; Batoe Mérah, 10-15 m, 31 VII 1913, ROBINSON 256, H. B. (f) ; Batoe Gadjah, 150 m, 5 VIII 1913, ROBINSON, 257 (MERR., Interpr., p. 242) ; Soja Diatas, 6 VII 1900, BOERLAGE 50, H. B. (m, f) ; Soja, 1893, TREUB 559, H. B. (f) ; Said, 1893, TREUB, H. B. (f) ; Wai Hoeka, 100-200 m, 18 IV 1918, KORNASI 1176, H. B. (m, f), vern. name: tempajan setan ; Laitimor, mountains of Poeta, Hitoe near Lariké, Wakasioe, Mamaloe (RUMPH., Herb. Amb., V. p. 123) ; P. Léasi, near "Oclatri" (l. c.); Obi Islands, Woi Besar, 1899, ATASRIP 116, H. B. (m.f) ; P. Gébé, TEYSMANN 6759, H. B. (f), type of N. tubulosa MACF.
PALAU ISLANDS. KERSTING, H. Berl. (f) ; Yap, XI 1899-VI 1900, VOLKENS 69, H. B. (m, f), H. S. (m) ; 179, H. B. (0).
NEW GUINEA. Northwestern part: Ramoi ; on the Wandamen Bay (BECC., Mal., III, p. 4) ; Hollandia, 10 m, 20 VII 1910, GJELLERUP 172, H. B. (m) ; Cycloop-Gebergte, eastern slope, 300-1000 m, 17 VI 1911, GJELLERUP 493, H. B. (m, f) ; Southwestern part: Kp. Koi, near Okaba, 22 IX 1907, BRANDERHORST 94, H. B. (0) ; Wollaston Expedition, camps I-VIII, 150-1470 m, 1912-1913 (Transact. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, bot., IX, p. 139) ; Northeastern part: LEDERMANN 14037, H. Berl. (f) ; on the Ramu River, I 1902, SCHLECHTER 10914 (SCHUM. & LAUT., Nachtr., p. 271) ; Southeastern part: Baxter's River (F. MUELL., Descr. not. Pap. pl., II, p. 20) ; Bisiatabu, VII-VIII 1918, WHITE 363, H. Br. (m, f) ; Boku, 1909, SCHLENCKER, H. Br. (m, f) ; Keréma, 24 III 1926, BRASS 1208, H. Br. (m, f) ; Mt. Warirata, 600 m, 31 X 1925, BRASS 558, H. Br. (f) ; Astrolabe Range, near Bluff, 450 m, VII-VIII 1918, WHITE 256, H. Br. (m) ; N.E. coast, V 1898, LORD LAMINGTON & party, H. Br. (f).
LOUISIADE ARCHIPELAGO. (Transact. Linn. Soc., XXII, p. 422 ; D.C., Prodr. XVII, p. 97.)
AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Cape York, JARDINE, H. Br. (m, f), type of N. Moorei BAIL.; Cape York, at Bowen Park, BEDDOME, H. Br. (0), authentic spec. (type ?) of N. Bernaysii BAIL.; Somerset, JARDINE, H. Br. (m) ; H. Br. (0), type of N. Alicae BAIL.; H. Br. (0), type of N. albo-lineata BAIL.; H. Br. (m, f), type (?) of N. Jardinei BAIL.; VI 1897, BAILEY 33, H. Br. authentic specimen of N. Jardinei BAIL.; VI-X 1897, JARDINE, H. Br. (0), type of N. Rowanae, BAIL.; X 1897, JARDINE, H. Br. (0), authentic specim. of N. Bernaysii BAIL.; H. Br. (0), authentic specim. of N. Kennedyi(ana) BAIL.; X 1899, JARDINE, H. Br. (0) ; 5 miles south of Jardine River, 1900, CHOLMONDELEY JARDINE, H. Br. (0), type of N. Cholmondeleyi BAIL.; McDonnell, 1896, HASSKETT, H. Br. (0), authentic specim. of N. Bernaysii BAIL.; between York Downs and Weipa, 17 VIII 1905, GARRAWAY, H. Br. (0), type of N. Garrawayae BAIL.; heads of Pascoe River, 7 IX 1905, GARRAWAY, H. Br. (m, f), type of N. pascoensis BAIL.; creek running into Archer River, GARRAWAY, H. Br. (0), authentic spec. of N. Cholmondeleyi BAIL.; Coen, VI 1905, ARMBRUST, H. Br. (m), type of N. Armbrustae BAIL.
Cultivated in the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens under the numbers: XV. D. 62-62a ; XV. D. 57 (?); XV. D. 54 (?) and XV. D. 55 and in the greenhouse under the numbers 19, 67 and 74 (?).
N. mirabilis is the widest spread species of the genus and, though more polymorph than many other, rather uniform for a species with such a wide distribution. Some variations require a short discussion.
Like most other authors I think N. macrostachya and N. fimbriata to be inseparable from N. mirabilis. But the same may be said of N. Kennedyana (= N. Kennedyi). The characters, mentioned by MUELLER in his original description as characterising his new species are typical for most specimens of N. mirabilis. Besides this, BAILEY records from the northern peninsula of Australia still 10 so-called species: N. Bernaysii, N. Jardinei, N. Rowanae, N. albo-lineata, N. Moorei, N. Alicae, N. Cholmondeleyi, N. pascoensis, N. Armbrustae, and N. Garrawayai. Of all these I have seen the type or at least authentic specimens, but they are nearly all mere growth forms of N. mirabilis. Only N. Rowanae shows a character not yet met with in N. Mirabilis, viz. campanulate-infundibuliform upper pitchers. A similar aberration, however, is often met with in several allied species and is certainly insufficient for specific distinction. Through these pitchers, N. Rowanae reminds of N. Treubiana, but in the other vegetative parts (the inflorescences &c. are unknown) it is a pure N. mirabilis.
N. tubulosa and N. Beccariana of MACFARLANE show important differences with the common N. mirabilis ; yet I think them to be extreme variations of the latter. I have seen the types of N. tubulosa in the Buitenzorg Herbarium, differing from the typical N. mirabilis only by the narrower pitchers and leaves and, in consequence of this, by the less numerous longitudinal nerves of the lamina. N. Beccariana differs from N. mirabilis only by the other shape of the pitchers. I have not seen type material, which is collected in P. Nias, but in the Buitenzorg Herbarium there are wholly congruent plants from the neighbouring P. Sibéroet, which undoubtedly are plants of N. mirabilis, showing the peculiar character, that the upper pitchers have the shape and the wings of the lower pitchers of the common form. Therefore it is remarkable, that among the species of BAILEY there is one, viz. N. Garrawayae, that represents a variation of N. mirabilis in the same direction.
N. tubulosa, N. Beccariana and N. Rowanae nearly show the extremes of the variation in the pitcher shape of N. mirabilis.
N. echinostoma seems to me to be only a N. mirabilis with a peculiar, probably monstrose peristome. Not only N. echinostoma shows no other difference with N. mirabilis than the here mentioned, but also there are among the characters of N. echinostoma some, that only occur in N. mirabilis, e.g. minute teeth on the lower leaves, which show a thin texture and the typical nervation and the arachnoideous indumentum of N. mirabilis.
The area of N. mirabilis is remarkably large. It ranges from Southern China and Mindanao in the North, to the Louisiade Archipelago In the South-East and to western Java in the South-West. The elevation on which it is found varies between 10 and 1500 m, but most of the habitats are situated below 200 m and many of them near the coast. N. mirabilis is a plant of the plain and hilly country and it may grow as well on open grounds as in forest, on fertile grounds as well as on sterile ; this gives it the opportunity of a wide and relatively fast dispersion.
There are described some unimportant varieties of N. mirabilis. BLUME (Mus., II, p. 7 & 8) distinguished a N. phyllamphora var. platyphylla, with broader leaves and a N. fimbriata var. leptostachya with abbreviate racemes. HOOKER F. (D. C., Prodr., XVII, p. 97) distinguishes a var. macrantha with glabrous, long-pedicelled flowers, an aberration, which occurs in many Nepenthes species, and LECOMTE describes a var. pediculata, with pedicelled ovaries, which has no value, as N. mirabilis, as far as known to me, has always pedicelled ovaries. Also I can not confirm the opinion of BECCARI (Mal., I, p. 213), that the plants from the eastern part of the archipelago should have much narrower peristomes than those of the western islands, whereas the plants from Sélèbes should represent a transition form.
As in the Moluccas occur only 2 species, viz. N. mirabilis and N. maxima, there is no doubt, whether the Cantharifera of RUMPHIUS is N. mirabilis, and the "alia species alba" N. maxima.
HEMSLEY (Gard. Chron., 1905, p. 242) asserts, that in no other species of Nepenthes he has found so minute glands in the pitchers as in N. echinostoma, viz. 15,000 in a square inch, whereas MACFARLANE records the most numerous glands for N. bicalcarata viz. 5,000-7,000 on a square inch. I counted 800-2,500 glands on a cm2 in N. mirabilis, i.e. 5,000-15,600 on a square inch, and this confirms the number, found by HEMSLEY for N. echinostoma. In N. bicalcarata I found the number of glands to be much larger, viz. about 5,000 on 1 cm2, which gives a number of about 30,000 on 1 square inch, and still more numerous glands I found in the pitchers of N. stenophylla, viz. 6,000 on a cm2, i.e. 37,500 on a square inch. The number of l,500 to 2,000 glands on a square inch, recorded by HEMSLEY (l.c., p. 260) "as deduced from numerous computations"is certainly too small.
There are recorded many vernacular names for N. mirabilis. In the Malay Peninsula (Malay): periok kera ; near Singapore and in the Riau Archipelago (Malay): katjong beroe (KORTH. Verh., p. 31) ; on the westcoast of Sumatra (Minangkabau) tjaloeng beroe, taboeng beroe (KORTH., l.c.); in Bangka (Malay): akar ketakong, kelakon ; in the Western Division of Borneo (probably Dyak): oentoejoet ; in western Java (Sundanese): pakoe sorok, sorok radjah mantri (TEYSM. & BINN.), in Amboina (Malay) ; tempajan sètan ; RUMPHIUS gives several names, among which we do not find the name which is generally used now, tempajan sètan, among which, however several names, never recorded later, partly even in languages no more spoken in Amboina: Malay: daoen gendi, gendi sètan ; old Amboina language: "Sobe Leyposso, & Aytiba, h.e. arbor excipuli"; Portuguese: canecas de mato ; Laitimor lang.: nitoe alaä. Perioek kera means: monkeys' rice pots ; taboeng beroe: monkeys' pots ; tjaloeng beroe: monkeys' water scooper ; for ketakong and oentoejoet cf. N. gracilis ; for the Sunda names cf. N. gymnamphora ; daoen gendi means jug-leaf ; gendi sètan means: devil's jug ; tempajan sètan: devil's water cask ; cancecas de mato: wood jugs ; nitoe alaä: devil's pots ; DE CLERCQ moreover mentions the names: ketakong beroe and taboeng beroe, unknown whence, and hoeta ial isin and kean from southern Séran. RUMPHIUS records canecas de bugio as a Portuguese name from the Malay Peninsula and gada-gada as a Malay name from Sumatra, both of which not recorded by any other writer, the latter one doubtful, the former meaning the same as periok kera and probably a translation of it ; MIQUEL gives several names in another, not motivated, orthography.